This collection is available for use by appointment in the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University. For further information and to make an appointment, please email avery-drawings@library.columbia.edu.
This collection primarily contains original and reprographic architectural records, photographs, correspondence and personal and professional records related to the design, construction, and ownership of the Haus Cramer in Dahlem, Berlin, Germany, designed by German architect Hermann Muthesius in 1911-1913 for Hans and Gertrud Cramer, with later additions by Muthesius and other architects. A significant portion of the collection also documents the Cramer family's efforts to obtain restitution after World War II for the seizure of the house in the 1930s. Also included are records documenting the restoration and reuse, an effort led by noted architectural historian Julius Poesner.
This material is arranged in four series: Project Records; Family Papers; Restitution Documents; and Restoration/Reuse. Series are further described by subseries; the arrangement of materials within each subseries is described at the beginning of each subseries inventory.
This collection is available for use by appointment in the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University. For further information and to make an appointment, please email avery-drawings@library.columbia.edu.
Columbia University is providing access to the materials in the Library's collections solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. The unauthorized use, including, but not limited to, publication of the materials without the prior written permission of Columbia University is strictly prohibited. All inquiries regarding permission to publish should be submitted in writing to the Director, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University. In addition to permission from Columbia University, permission of the copyright owner (if not Columbia University) and/or any holder of other rights (such as publicity and/or privacy rights) may also be required for reproduction, publication, distributions, and other uses. Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of any item and securing any necessary permissions rests with the persons desiring to publish the item. Columbia University makes no warranties as to the accuracy of the materials or their fitness for a particular purpose.
Haus Cramer architectural records and papers. Located in the Dept. of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University.
Lilian M. C. Randall, granddaughter of Hans Cramer, donated the collection to Avery Library, 2004.004.
Source of acquisition--Gift of Lilian M. C. Randall, granddaughter of Hans Cramer. Accession number--2004.004.
Columbia University Libraries, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
This collection was processed by Teresa Harris, Mellon Fellow, in 2008, under the direction of Annemarie van Roessel, Archivist, Dept. of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library.
2009-06-25 File created.
2019-05-20 EAD was imported spring 2019 as part of the ArchivesSpace Phase II migration.
Hermann Muthesius was born on April 20th, 1861, in Gross-Neuhausen in Thuringia. His father was a master mason who built numerous country churches. A local pastor recommended Muthesius to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar as a promising candidate for higher education. From 1881-1883, he studied philosophy at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (now Humboldt University), before transferring to the Technische Hochschule Berlin where he studied architecture. As a complement to his formal education, Muthesius also learned the trade of masonry from his father during the two and a half years that elapsed between finishing his studies at the local school and heading to Berlin for his secondary education. Muthesius gained practical experience in a number of architectural offices, including that of Paul Wallot, the architect of the Reichstag building. From 1887-1891 he worked for the firm of Ende & Böckmann in Tokyo and from 1893-1894 he worked in the architectural offices of the Prussian government before becoming the editor of the Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung.
He married Anna Trippenbach, a prominent singer, in 1896. Anna Muthesius shared her husband's interest and in 1903, she published a book on reform clothing, entitled Das Eigenkleid der Frau. Muthesius traveled widely, visiting Japan, China, Thailand, India, Egypt and Italy. However, his sojourn in England proved to have the most lasting effect on his intellectual development and reputation. In 1896, he was appointed technical attaché to the German Ambassador in London. He lived in England from the time of his appointment until 1903, writing reports on railways, gasworks and other industrial installations for the Prussian Board of Trade. He also befriended many leading members of British artistic circles, including Charles Rennie Mackintosh and William Morris. Muthesius was fascinated by recent innovations in English domestic architecture and eventually wrote a three volume study on the topic, entitled Das englische Haus. Using the works of Charles Voysey, William Lethaby and Richard Norman Shaw, among others, Herman Muthesius illustrated the ground-breaking functional planning of the English house. This emphasis on a functional approach to design formed a fundamental underpinning of the Modern movement in Europe.
Upon his return to Germany in 1903, Muthesius put his new ideas into practice, building numerous villas in the suburbs of Berlin, including Haus Cramer, the focus of this collection. Muthesius also helped to found the Deutscher Werkbund, a trade organization heavily influenced by the English Arts & Crafts movement in its desire to bring a higher standard of artistic production to handcrafts and industrial products. Unlike the English movement, however, the Werkbund embraced the machine, and Muthesius would even go so far as to propose the idea of "types" or standardized forms for building, furniture and other industrial products. His ideas caused a rift when he presented them at a July 1914 meeting of the Werkbund, with some members aligning themselves with Muthesius, and other aligning themselves with the more individualistic ideas of Henry van de Velde who opposed standardization. Muthesius's remained influential in German architectural circles until his untimely death in a tram accident in 1927. His other publications include Stilarchitektur und Baukunst [1902] and Kleinhaus und Kleinsiedlung [1918].
Haus Cramer, commissioned by Hans and and Gertrude Cramer, is located at Pacelliallee 18/20 (formerly Cecilienallee 18/20) in Berlin-Dahlem. The collection contains a comprehensive set of drawings dating to the construction of the house in 1911-1914, including drawings of the exteriors, interiors and gardens. During the 1930s, the Cramer family ran into financial trouble due to the oppressive anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi government, which placed numerous restrictions on Jewish businesses. Prior to this, Hans Cramer had run a profitable import/export business dealing mostly in grains. His family was of Jewish descent, although they had converted to Lutheranism at some point during the mid-nineteenth century.
Hans Cramer's daughter, Charlotte, married an American and moved to New York in the early 1930s. At this point, Hans Cramer began shipping some of the family's furniture and art to his daughter. In this same year, due to his inability to pay taxes on the house and property, the city of Berlin seized his house and eventually auctioned off much of the contents. Hans Cramer, his wife Gertrud and son Frederick, followed Charlotte, emigrating to the United States in 1933. After World War II, Hans Cramer waged a long battle to gain restitution from the government of Germany for his lost property. Correspondence between Hans Cramer and his lawyer, Helmut Ruge, forms a large part of the records of the collection. According to the family, the house survived the war only to be destroyed in a gas explosion sometime during the 1950s. Julius Posener, the noted architectural historian, intervened in the 1970s and petitioned the city of Berlin to reconstruct the house for use by Stanford University, which eventually purchased Haus Cramer in 2000 to house their Bing Overseas Studies in Berlin.
Box 1 Folder 1
Regarding mortgage with Victoria Allgemeine Versicherungs Aktien-Gesellschaft; includes some correspondence with Victoria; Paul Nansen is Hans Cramer's cousin
Box 1 Folder 2
Regarding payment for services
Box 1 Folder 3
Relating to the delivery and spreading of soil for the garden and lawn
Box 1 Folder 4
Regarding water heater
Box 1 Folder 5
Includes a letter from Otto Laternser to Hermann Muthesius and receipts for work done on the house
Box 1 Folder 6
Box 1 Folder 7
One letter is a fragment
Box 1 Folder 8
Regarding conversion of house into apartments and mortgage with Victoria Allgemeine Versicherungs Aktien-Gesellschaft; includes some correspondence with Victoria; Paul Nansen is Hans Cramer's cousin
Box 1 Folder 9
Regarding conversion of house into apartments and mortgage with Victoria Allgemeine Versicherungs Aktien-Gesellschaft; includes some correspondence with Victoria; Paul Nansen is Hans Cramer's cousin
Box 1 Folder 10
Includes a letter from Hermann Muthesius and a letter from Paul Kretschemann, a supplier
Box 1 Folder 11
Mentions a cost estimate but that document is missing
Box 1 Folder 12
Includes a drawing of the site
Box 1 Folder 13
Box 1 Folder 14
Box 1 Folder 15
Includes some letters to Hans Cramer
Box 1 Folder 16
Box 1 Folder 17
Includes receipts for mason, roofer, etc.
Box 1 Folder 18
Includes receipts for glass and contractor
Box 1 Folder 19
Includes receipts for mason, electrical and heating equiptment
Box 1 Folder 20
Box 2 Folder 1
Includes receipts for painting, roofer, etc.
Box 2 Folder 2
Includes reciepts for blinds, shutters, wood/coal and correpsondence from Paul Nathanson, master builder
Box 2 Folder 3
Includes receipts for furniture, coal, among others
Box 2 Folder 4
Box 2 Folder 5
Box 2 Folder 6
Box 2 Folder 7
Related to correspondence with Paul Nansen, who handled the conversion of the house into apartments
Box 2 Folder 8
Box 2 Folder 9
Box 2 Folder 10
Box 2 Folder 11
Seven photographs with multiple copies of each
A complete inventory of these drawings may be found in thisdownloadable Excel spreadsheet.
Box 2 Folder 12
Offering their services for the design of the villa; includes letters from Otto Berlich, Wilhelm Göhre, Arthur Hauschild, Max Landsberg, Felix Lindhorst, Oscar Müller, Paulus & Lilloe, Curt Pfennig, P. Prochnow & E. Pommer, Heinrich Straumer, and Taut u. Hoffmann
Box 2 Folder 13
A letter mentions loan and Kinderzimmer but family states that this letter concerns the house in Mass., not Berlin
Box 2 Folder 14
Box 2 Folder 15
Box 2 Folder 16
Fragment of a letter related to Hans Cramer's import business
Box 2 Folder 17
Relating to transport of furniture to Charlotte Cramer in New York
Box 2 Folder 18
Lionel Ettlinger thanks Hans Cramer for his recommendation to the Department of Justice
Box 2 Folder 19
Offering their services for the decoration of the villa
Box 2 Folder 20
Regarding Hans Cramer's Import Business
Box 3 Folder 1
Offering their services for the design of the garden; includes letters from Heinrich Fehr, Richard W. Köhler, L. Kühnemund, Körner & Brodersen, Max Rein, L. Späth, and Henri Vallette
Box 3 Folder 2
Regarding acquiring a 1-2 meter wide strip of Cramer's property along the border of their adjacent properties
Box 3 Folder 3
Relating to Hans Cramer's will, a copy of which is included; letter in need of conservation belongs with this material
Box 3 Folder 4
Relating to transport of furniture to Charlotte Cramer in New York
Box 3 Folder 5
Relating to transport of furniture to Charlotte Cramer in New York
Box 3 Folder 6
Relating to transport of furniture to Charlotte Cramer in New York
Box 3 Folder 7
Box 3 Folder 8
Offering his services for the design of the villa
Box 3 Folder 9
Includes lists of books, oil paintings, and art objects along with some bills which had been inserted into the account book
Box 3 Folder 10
Box 3 Folder 11
Includes letters denying extension on the remaining mortgage payments for the land and a notice of building codes which need to be met
Box 3 Folder 12
Box 3 Folder 13
Regarding the cost of dividing the property in the land register
Box 3 Folder 14
Regarding the sale of the property
Box 3 Folder 15
Box 3 Folder 16
Box 3 Folder 17
Document discussing tax policies
Box 3 Folder 18
Box 3 Folder 19
Regarding taxes
Box 3 Folder 20
Seizure of assets due to an inability to pay taxes; related to restitution claims because Hans Cramer asserted that the laws affecting Jews made it difficult to make a living and therefore pay his taxes
Box 3 Folder 21
M. Cramer asserts that the furniture abandoned by his brother has been his property since that time
Box 3 Folder 22
Related to auction of house contents by the district of Zehlendorf; also includes a much later document which may have been prepared as part of the restitution suit
Box 3 Folder 23
Box 3 Folder 24
Regarding taxes
Box 3 Folder 25
Protesting decision by the Finanzamt concerning the taxes on the property
Box 3 Folder 26
Box 4 Folder 1
Box 4 Folder 2
Box 4 Folder 3
Hans Cramer consulted with Dr. May regarding his tax problems
Box 4 Folder 4
Hans Cramer consulted with Dr. May regarding his tax problems
Box 4 Folder 5
Regarding sending the remaining pieces of furniture in Germany to the family in the US; includes official and handwritten lists of auctioned pieces
Box 4 Folder 6
Includes chronology of events leading to the departure from Germany and auctioning of possessions by government
Box 4 Folder 7
Box 4 Folder 8
Related to Hans Cramer's import business
Box 4 Folder 9
Oscar Metzer was an employee of Hans Cramer in Berlin
Box 4 Folder 10
Box 4 Folder 11
Includes articles on Bruno Paul and Heinrich Tessenow, among others
Box 4 Folder 12
Unrelated to the house in Berlin
Box 4 Folder 13
Box 4 Folder 14
Poem possibly authored by Charlotte Cramer
Box 8
Includes photographs of Haus Cramer and a handwritten document entitled "Wuensche für den Bau", along with a description of the property
Box 4 Folder 15
Reichsgesetzblatt originally filed with these papers--now filed with the correspondence with the Jewish Organization
Box 4 Folder 16
Regarding Claims on In der Halde 12
Box 4 Folder 17
Box 4 Folder 18
Box 4 Folder 19
Box 4 Folder 20
Box 4 Folder 21
Box 4 Folder 22
Includes Information Bulletin on Restitution Developments and a copy of the Reichsgesetzblatt concerning the expatriation of the German Jews
Box 4 Folder 23
Box 4 Folder 24
Box 4 Folder 25
Regarding Claims on Im Dol 45 and correspondence with Dr. Helmut Ruge
Box 4 Folder 26
Includes copies of letters to the Finanzamt für Liegenschaften regarding claims on house in Dahlem
Box 4 Folder 27
Includes articles fromAufbau,relating to restitution claims.
Box 4 Folder 28
Box 4 Folder 29
Box 4 Folder 30
Box 4 Folder 31
Box 4 Folder 32
Box 4 Folder 33
Box 4 Folder 34
Box 4 Folder 35
Includes copy of official claim for restitution
Box 4 Folder 36
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 1
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20; includes original file folder
Box 5 Folder 2
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and In Der Halde 12
Box 5 Folder 3
Regarding Claims on In der Halde 12 and Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 4
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20
Box 5 Folder 5
Draft of letter with supporting material, including worksheets regarding Hans Cramer's claims
Box 5 Folder 6
Regarding Claims on Pacelli Allee 18/20
Box 5 Folder 7
Regarding Claims on Pacelli Allee 18/20; includes original file folder
Box 5 Folder 8
Regarding Lawsuit against Berlin; includes a newspaper article on the claims program
Box 5 Folder 9
Box 5 Folder 10
Box 5 Folder 11
Two copies of the letter
Box 5 Folder 12
Box 5 Folder 13
Box 5 Folder 14
Regarding Claims on Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 15
Box 5 Folder 16
Box 5 Folder 17
The Pohle Family helped the family with matters related to the house after they had left Germany
Box 5 Folder 18
Regarding taxes on his Berlin-based business once he emigrated to the United States; also includes an official assessment of his assets as a Jew
Box 5 Folder 19
Includes handwritten drafts of letters to Dr. Ruge regarding the content of Dr. A. Reithinger's letters
Box 5 Folder 20
Box 5 Folder 21
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20
Box 5 Folder 22
Box 5 Folder 23
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 24
Regarding Claims on Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 25
Regarding Claims on Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 26
Regarding Claims on In der Halde 12 and Im Dol 45
Box 5 Folder 27
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and Pacelli Allee 18/20; includes original file folder.
Box 5 Folder 28
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and Pacelli Allee 18/20
Box 5 Folder 29
Regarding Claims on Cecilien Allee 18/20 and Pacelli Allee 18/20; includes original file folder.
Box 5 Folder 30
Box 5 Folder 31
Box 5 Folder 32
Box 6 Folder 1
Ilse Schiftan helped the family with matters related to the house after they had left Germany
Box 6 Folder 2
Box 6 Folder 3
Includes copy of letter from Alfred Toepfer to Dr. Helmut Ruge
Box 6 Folder 4
Three copies of the letter
Box 6 Folder 5
Two copies; Note mentions that a copy was sent to the Cramer's lawyer, Helmut Ruge, who handled the family's claims for restitution; water damage in need of conservation
Box 6 Folder 6
Box 6 Folder 7
Box 6 Folder 8
Box 6 Folder 9
Box 6 Folder 10
Box 6 Folder 11
Includes some notes on the text
Box 6 Folder 12
Box 6 Folder 13
Box 6 Folder 14
Box 6 Folder 15
Box 6 Folder 16
Includes pamphlet on the property
Box 7 Folder 1
Regarding the possible use of Haus Cramer by American scholars in Berlin; Includes images from articles on Haus Cramer
Box 6 Folder 17
Regarding the preservation of Haus Cramer; includes copy of letter from Klaus Curtius to Rolf Schwedler, Senator für Bau- und Wohnungswesen and an article byJulius Posener on the house
Box 6 Folder 18
Regarding the preservation of Haus Cramer
Box 6 Folder 19
Forwards correspondence with Herr Stoehr, the Senator für Wissenschaft und Kunst, regarding the use of Haus Cramer by Stanford in Berlin
Box 6 Folder 20
Box 6 Folder 21
Two copies
Box 6 Folder 22
Box 6 Folder 23
Signed by Julius Posener; publication of the Senator für Bau- und Wohnungswesen; includes photocopy
Box 6 Folder 24
Box 6 Folder 25
Box 6 Folder 26
Box 6 Folder 27
Includes a plan of the garden and a letter from the government in Berlin, thanking Charlotte Cramer-Sachs for her help in reconstructing the garden
Box 8
Inscribed "For Charlotte, with love, P & R, September 1984" P & R refers to Pooh Randall (Lilian né Cramer) and Richard Randall, Jr.
Box 6 Folder 28
Letter accompanying the Muthesius monograph, given to Charlotte by the Randalls; inserted into the book with a color photograph of the house, marking the section dealing with Haus Cramer
Box 8
Inscribed "Für Frau Charlotte Cramer Sachs, in deren Haus ich und der Student verliebt habe, Herzlichst, Julius Posener 30.11.90"
Box 6 Folder 29
Found at the back of Julius Posener's Fast so alt wie das Jahrhundert
Box 6 Folder 30
Box 8
Box 6 Folder 31
Includes multiple descriptions of the house, an excerpt from a book on the restoration of the house, a photo of members of the Stanford program with a portrait of Charlotte Cramer, and some correspondence between Charlotte Cramer-Sachs and Stanford.
Box 6 Folder 32
Faxed letter and photocopies, includes articles on the purchase of Haus Cramer by Stanford University and photographs of an event at the house in July of 2001
Box 6 Folder 33
Includes material on the purchase of Haus Cramer by Stanford
Box 6 Folder 34
Box 6 Folder 35
Includes correspondence between Charlotte Cramer-Sachs and Jana, John and Linda Bollenberg
Box 6 Folder 36
Regarding inclusion in a book on prominent residents of Dahlem
Box 6 Folder 37
Three copies
Box 6 Folder 38
Found with bills and receipts
Box 6 Folder 39
Four copies