Charles Lionel Chute papers, 1899-1913

(See The Survey, April 15, 1904 pp. 112-113. Article states that West Virginia and Pennsylvania, of all the states, did not exempt children under 16 from night work after 9 o'clock. Evils are especially great in the glass industry.)

(Contents include: Exhibit of Child-Labor and Sweatshop conditions; Seasonal Work and its Evils by Florence Kelley; Sweated Work in Philadelphia, by Florence Sanville; Child-Labor Situation in Pennsylvania, by Scott Nearling; Child-Labor in Eastern Pennsylvania, by Peter Roberts; Children in the Glass Industry in Pennsylvania, by Owen R. Lovejoy; Child-Labor in New York Tenements, by John Spargo; General Child-Labor Situation in the United States, by Samuel McCune Lindsay; and many photographs of child labor conditions.)

(A list of 20 glass manufacturers, giving opinions on the operation of this law.)

(Child labor laws although threatened early in the 1911 legislative session, were left unchanged. Special reference to employment of children on the stage.)

(Four suggestions made to improve the intolerable conditions under which little children live and work.)

(Discusses laws affecting boys under 16, enforcement of these laws, and manufacturers' reaction to new laws.)

( duplicate copy, 5 pp. Critical comments regarding enforcement. )

( schedules, typed manuscript.Report of an investigation of the glass manufacturing industry in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. )

( Reprinted from Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Child Labor, Birmingham, Alabama, March9-12,as published in Supplement to the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, July, 1911. Article based on a comprehensive study of the glass industry, begun in the fall of 1910 when the writer was pursuing graduate work at Ohio State University. )

( congratulating Mr. Chute for his splendid work with the legislators of West Virginia, which resulted in passage of the child labor bill (Senate bill No. 138), early in 1911. )

(typed manuscript. Approval of Pennsylvania's new interest in better child labor legislation )

(Publication No. 14, American Association for Labor Legislation )

(Pamphlet No. 147) "Of 41 states holding legislative sessions in 1911 no less than 30 enacted new laws relating to child labor. These had been carefully considered, and some of their best provisions adopted in this draft, which was prepared through the valuable assistance of Charles L. Chute who thoroughly revised and brought up to date the text and references.11 Preface. )

(Pamphlet No. 147) "This draft, with annotations was thoroughly revised and brought up to date by Mr. Charles L. Chute." )

(Includes address by Charles L. Chute on "The Glass Industry and Child Labor Legislation," pp. 123-132. Among other well-known speakers at this Conference were: Florence Kelley, Owen R. Lovejoy, A.J. McKelway, Jane Addams, Lewis W. Hine, Edward N. Clopper, Fred S. Hall, and Richard K. Conant. )

(Review of Vol. Ill of the monumental Government Report (19 vols.) on the Condition of Woman and Child Wage-Earners in the United States, authorized by a special act of Congress in 1907 and prepared under the direction of the U.S. Commissioner of Labor, 1911. Volume III is devoted to the glass industry. )

(The work of 14 state Inspectors of Health under the State Board of Health is described as inadequate to the extent that their duties are concerned with the enforcement of labor laws only in factories and other establishments. )

(The system followed, and the routine work of the Factory Inspection Department, New York State Department of Labor, are described and evaluated. )

(New legislation was proposed which would raise educational qualifications in order to secure working permits. Enforcement of these laws is also important. Includes typed manuscript of this article. )

(Includes: The Enforcement of Child Labor Laws by Charles L. Chute, pp. 10S-113; Summary of State Laws; The Uniform Child Labor Law; Street Trades and Their Regulation, a Symposium. )

(Evidence of the need for better legislation and greater educational opportunities in the state, which leads in those industries employing the most children. )

(Survey of 6 cities after new child labor and compulsory education laws had been passed. )

( Conditions under which employment certificates were issued in New York City, under provision of the state law. )

(Facts about working children of the street (newsboys), little toilers of the mines, and the factory children. Conditions in Pennsylvania point to the need for more protection through child labor legislation, and/or better enforcement of existing laws. )

(Publicity leaflet, interpreting "What the Pennsylvania Child Labor Association is doing and what it hopes to do." )

(Lack of cooperation between the Superintendent of Schools and the Factory Inspector, Department of Labor, had resulted in failure to enforce compulsory school attendance. A statement of "The Work of the New York State Education Department" (1 typed page), relative to enforcement of attendance laws, is attached to the Albany report. )

(Concerns the issuing of employment certificates. Mr. Chute states, "There is little if any cooperation between this Bureau and any other enforcing authority and children are not kept track of in any way after obtaining certificates." )

(Comparison of methods used by the Albany and the Troy Bureaus, in issuing employment certificates. )

(Emphasis on the need for constructive legislation "aimed at the education and development of efficient and happy men and women, out of the raw material of childhood." )

(9 pp. typed manuscript. The problem is stated as inherent in the effort to adjust our economic system to the increasing demand that children shall be educated, protected, and given a fairly equal start in life. )

(The lack of law enforcement in Pennsylvania again points to the importance of working for social reform through legislation-a uniform child labor law, the proposed provisions of which are analyzed. )

(Pictures, poems, and stories have been reproduced and written ostensibly for children who do not have to work. Remarkable photographs, touching propaganda. )

(Article on child employment in mines, textile mills, theaters, as newsboys, and night messengers (for houses of prostitution as well as for regular service); also an appeal for citizen support of new labor laws and their enforcement. )

(Describes the proposed Bill and compares the provisions with those in force at the time. )

( Creation of a Department of Labor and Industry, appointment of a qualified Department head, the non-political appointment of Chief Factory Inspector-all forward steps for the welfare of child workers. In accomplishing these gains members of the Pennsylvania Child Labor Association under the forceful leadership of its Executive Secretary, Mr. Charles L. Chute, were actively engaged. )

( entire issue. Addresses on the first topic were delivered at a luncheon of the City Club, January 11, 1913. Speakers on several aspects of the second topic, at the City Club's evening meeting on the same day, included Miss Julia Lathrop, Mrs. Florence Kelley, Mr. Charles L. Chute, and Mr. Owen R. Lovejoy. Programme leaflet of both meetings (37a) attached to the Bulletin. )

( 17 pp. (Pamphlet No. 33). Includes discussion of: The Eight-Hours Day for Children; Hours Limited Above Sixteen; Employment of Children at Night; Street Trade Regulations; The Night Messenger; Employment Certificates. )

( Pamphlet No. 36) Presents in graphic form, pictures of typical child workers-in the textile mills, the coal breakers, glass factories, as newsboys and night messengers. An appeal for support of the Association which is devoted to the work of studying these problems, and of eliminating them. )

( A report on reasons for defeat of the Walnut Child Labor Bill by the 1913 State Legislature. The letter closes with a clear statement of program and future activity, towards enactment of a new child labor law. )