Summary Information
Abstract
The records document the founding and development of Amnesty International of
the USA, Inc. (AIUSA) and its national office. AIUSA is the largest national section
of Amnesty International, an international human rights non-governmental
organization (NGO). The records include material related to the board of directors,
executive directors, administration, operations, campaigns, casework, publicity,
special projects, and the work of the organization and its membership on human
rights issues.
At a Glance
| Bib ID: | 6093730 View CLIO record |
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| Creator(s): | Amnesty International USA. National
Office. |
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| Title: | Amnesty International of the USA, Inc. National Office Records,
1966-2003
[Bulk Dates: 1974-1993]
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| Physical description: | 107.52 linear feet (256 document boxes).
|
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| Language(s): | The majority of the material is in English
.
There is some material in French,
Spanish,
Russian and
Japanese.
|
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| Access: |
This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least
twenty-four (24) hours in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and
Manuscript Library Reading Room. Please consult the Rare Book and Manuscript Library
for further information.
This collection has restrictions. Restrictions for boxes and folders are noted in the
series descriptions and may also be found within the contents list.
More information » |
|---|
Arrangement
Arrangement
In eleven series:
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Series I: Board of Directors’ Files, 1965-2003
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Series II: Executive Director Files, 1967-1997
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Series III: Annual General Meetings, 1967-1997
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Series IV: Membership Mobilization, 1971-1995
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Series V: Country Coordination Groups, 1978-1995
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Series VI: Networks, 1975-1995
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Series VII: Campaign and Country Files, 1972-1997
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Series VIII: Closed Cases, 1974-1983
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Series IX: Communications Department/Media Relations Files,
1973-1997
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Series X: Development Unit/Special Projects Files, 1986-1994
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Series XI: Administration and Operations, 1966-1996
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Description
Scope and Content
The Amnesty International of the USA, Inc: National Office Records document AIUSA's
founding, development, administration, decision-making processes, finances,
fundraising, and the work of the section and its membership on human rights issues.
The records also document the working relationships of the national office and the
membership, other offices, sections, and the International Secretariat. The records
include case files, country files, testimony files, minutes, reports, correspondence
and records related to regional and annual meetings, development, events, special
projects, communications, membership, and the work of country specialists, networks,
and local groups.
Coverage is not comprehensive. Although AIUSA was incorporated in 1966, the bulk of
the office records cover the mid-1970s through 1993, the last year of the executive
directorship of Jack Healey. Early AIUSA activity is best documented by the records
of the Board of Directors and the Annual General Meetings.
The records of the National Office are not fully processed and available for use at
this time. Processed material includes records related to Board of Directors,
Executive Directors, Annual General Meetings, and Membership Coordination and
Mobilization. The processed material is fully described in the finding aid.
Records that are not yet processed or available for research include records related
to the communications department, the development unit, special projects, country
specialists (co-groups), networks, campaigns, country files, case files, and the
majority of records related to general administration and operations.
The section's primary organizational function does not include management of Amnesty
International's international affairs. The archives of the International Secretariat
are held by the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.
Series I: Board of Directors, 1965-2003
The AIUSA Board of Directors oversees many larger organizational issues such
as budgets, fundraising, staffing, development, and policy. The Board is
also responsible for representing the section's membership and participating
in the larger international movement.
Subseries I.1: Board Meetings, 1965-2003
This series consists of agendas, minutes, and other meeting materials.
The files include memoranda, press clippings, reports of the Executive
Director, and reports and minutes of the board committees. The files
also contain reports and updates on countries, missions, meetings,
programs, finances, and other issues of interest to the Board of
Directors. The series is arranged chronologically.
Subseries I.2 Board Committees, 1967-1994
Comprised mainly of agendas, minutes and other meeting materials related
to the main board committees, the bulk of the files are related to the
meetings of the board's Executive Committee (1974-1993; Bulk 1974-1982).
Much of this material includes minutes and reports also available in the
meeting materials of the Board of Directors in Series 1: Board Meetings.
There is some additional material related to task forces and other
committees in the Series 3: Subject Files. The series is arranged
alphabetically.
Subseries I.3: International Councils and Committees, 1968-1995
This series includes meeting materials related to the International
Council Meetings (ICM) (1968-1995) and the International Executive
Committee (IEC) (1967-1993). Files on the ICM include information on
proposals, resolutions, working parties, participants, and decisions.
The files include both meeting materials and later reports on the
meeting's proceedings, decisions and implementation of decisions. The
IEC files include material related to the IEC's standing committees.
This series is arranged alphabetically by main topic.
Subseries I.4: Subject Files, 1975-1995
Much of the material in this series is related to issues of
administration and policy including board elections, board structure and
functions, finance, sectional and international meetings, planning and
development, and staff issues. The files also include correspondence and
reports on activities, programs and other issues. This series is
arranged alphabetically.
Series II: Executive Director's Files, 1964-1997 bulk 1973-1993
This series contains the files of the executive and acting executive
directors of AIUSA. The series also includes memos and other mailings sent
to the national sections by the International Secretariat (IS) and the
Research Department, mostly on country-specific issues. The files are
arranged alphabetically as subject files, but include chronological
correspondence files and "country related correspondence" files that cover a
wide range of topics, including those covered elsewhere in the subject
files.
Subseries II.1 David Hawk Files, 1972-1978
This series is comprised of files are related to administrative and
operational activities including finance, fundraising, adoption groups,
the western regional offices, reports, and the creation of the
Washington DC Office and the Medical Committee. There are also files
related to larger policy issues, including homosexuality and political
balance, and AIUSA's attempts to forge connections with NGOs, the UN,
churches, and rural areas. The series is arranged alphabetically.
Subseries II.2: Gerhard Elston Files, 1967-1983
This series was originally grouped together as "Executive Directors'
Miscellaneous" but the records appear to be the files of Gerhard Elston.
Many of these files are related to administrative and operational
activities including staff meetings, seminars, and fundraising. There
are also files on AIUSA's programs, and on subjects including
disappearances, torture, and the death penalty. There are few country
files in this series, although there is some correspondence related to
country issues. The series is arranged alphabetically.
Subseries II.3: Jack Healey Files, 1977-1993
The files contain information on administrative issues, committees,
operations, regional offices, programs, fundraising, and special
projects. In particular, this series contains detailed information on
music projects such as A Conspiracy of Hope Tour (1986), the Human
Rights Now! World Tour (1988), Women on the Front Line (1992) and other
special projects (1986-1993). The series is arranged alphabetically.
Within some of the larger subject areas, files are arranged
chronologically.
Subseries II.4 William Shulz Files, 1994-1997
The series currently includes on Schulz's schedule, human rights
education, and events. The series is arranged alphabetically.
Subseries II.5: National Section Memos, 1964-1983.
This series contains memos, background papers, clippings, urgent action
newsletters, news releases, reports and other material received from the
International Secretariat (IS) and the Research Department. In addition,
some files include correspondence related to the National Office of
AIUSA. This series is arranged alphabetically by country under the main
headings of Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East and
North Africa.
Series III: Annual General Meetings, 1967-1997.
The files include meeting materials and information on planning, workshops,
resolutions, and plenary sessions. Files are most comprehensive for meetings
held in the 1980s and early 1990s. This series is arranged chronologically.
A few files related to the Annual General Meetings of other national
sections are placed last.
Series IV: Membership Mobilization, 1971-1995
This series contains files related to the mobilization of the AIUSA
membership, and to the coordination and servicing of the work of local
groups and student groups. While the series does contain some material on
country coordination groups (co-groups), particularly in the files of Robert
Maurer, most material related to co-groups is filed in the Country
Coordination Groups (Co-Group) series. The files are arranged alphabetically
by the staff person's last name.
Subseries IV.1: Membership Mobilization and Coordination,
1975-1995
The series includes files from the verious staff.
Subseries IV.2: Local and Student Groups, 1971-1994.
This subseries contains files related to the activities and servicing of
local and student groups.
Series V: Country Coordination Groups (Co-Groups), 1978-1995
Country Coordination Groups (co-groups) are volunteer groups that have
expertise on a particular country or region. This program is also known as
the Country Specialist Program. These groups help to manage the
country-related work of AIUSA and act as liaisons on casework issues among
local groups, sections and the International Secretariat.
Subseries V.1: General, 1978-1988
These files are the records of Pat Bronstein Kos and Sheila Dauer. The
records include general information on the purpose and functionality of
country coordination groups, as well as correspondence and materials
related to activities, budgets, country work, formation, monthly
mailings, planning and priorities, policy discussions, structure, and
training.
Subseries V.2: Sheila Dauer Files, 1988-1995
Dauer's files include training materials for country coordination groups
and files related to their activities, campaigns, country work, policy
issues, and other general subjects.
Series VI: Networks, 1975-1995
Networks serve to organize individuals who have chosen to use their
professional training for human rights work.
Subseries VI.1: Educators Network, 1987-1990
The Educator’s Network of AIUSA serves to facilitate and promote the
development and exchange among educators of effective strategies for
teaching about human rights. This series consists of three files of
correspondence and registration sheets.
Subseries VI.2: Health Professionals Network (HPN), 1974-1989
This series includes records related to the Health Professionals Network
(HPN) and its predecessor groups, the Medical Capacity Committee (MCC),
the Medical Group, and the Medical Committee. The MCC was formed in 1977
to work on the examination and treatment of torture victims, but
expanded to coordinate all medical issues in AIUSA. The records include
correspondence, minutes, medical letter-writing actions, newsletters and
medicine and human rights issues. The series also includes files on
countries that consist mainly of memos, urgent actions, and other
material distributed by the International Secretariat.
Subseries VI.3: Legal Support Network (LSN), 1982-1995
The Legal Support Network (LSN) is a group of lawyers that assist Amnesty
International in its human rights work and advocate on issues and areas
of concern to the legal community. Their work includes advocating for
fair trials, torture, human rights treaties, and imprisoned legal
professionals, and providing legal advice and assisting with legal work
related to asylum cases, refugees, and the death penalty. This series
includes amicus briefs, correspondence, handbooks, minutes, monthly
mailings, urgent actions, and subject files on activities related to
abolishing the death penalty, campaigns, countries, letter-writing
actions, refugees, and torture.
Series VII: Campaign and Country Files , 1972-1997
This series contains files on both countries and country-specific campaigns
and actions.
Subseries VII.1: Bill Woolis Files, 1979-1983
Bill Woolis was the Campaign and Membership Coordinator for AIUSA. His
records include files on issues, meetings, activities, and group
participation in campaigns.
Subseries VII.2: Country Campaigns and Country Files, 1972-1997
The records include files on both countries and country-related campaigns
and actions undertaken by Amnesty International. The campaign records
include background materials, clippings, correspondence, mailings with
information and instructions for AIUSA groups, meeting notes and
reports, memoranda, news releases, planning materials, recommended
actions, reports, updates, and urgent actions.
Subseries VII.3: Other Campaigns and Supporting Files, 1979-1995
This subseries contains files on issue campaigns undertaken by Amnesty
International. The material includes correspondence, mailings with
information and instructions for AIUSA groups, memoranda, reports, news
releases, and planning materials.
A large portion of the material is related to campaigns against the death
penalty, particularly in the United States. This material includes
country-specific files related to South Africa, the former USSR, and the
United States. The United States files include files on individual
capital cases, and files on efforts to prevent the reinstatement of the
death penalty in New York State in the 1990s. The series also contains
the files of Death Penalty Program Coordinator Charles Fulwood
(1979-1988). Although these files cover a range of subjects, most of the
material is related to the Amnesty International’s work to abolish the
death penalty.
The subseries includes campaign material and subject files related to
women’s issues. These files include country files and material related
to actions, a book proposal, campaigns, and mailings to the AIUSA
National Women’s Steering Committee (1991-1995).
The subseries also includes materials on campaigns related to covenant
ratifications on human rights issues, disappearances, and torture.
Series VIII: Closed Cases, 1974-1983
ACCESS TO THE CASE FILES IN THIS RECORD GROUP IS RESTRICTED FOR 75
YEARS.
These records consist of case files for released prisoners of conscience.
The files include communications between Amnesty International offices and
local groups, dossiers, guidelines, and reports on case activities from
local groups. Some files also include correspondence generated and received
by the local groups in the course of their work on cases.
From 1975-1978, case files were assigned numbers and filed chronologically.
After 1978, closed case files were filed by region and then alphabetically
by country and surname. There are two sets of these alphabetical files - the
main set, and a smaller second set that is filed in the last two boxes. When
known, the number of the local group responsible for the case is identified
in the finding aid. Several files were labeled as "good quote cases” and may
have been used as material for publication or publicity efforts.
In general, additional information on cases would be found in office files
on local groups, and within the records of both local groups and country
coordination groups.
Series IX: Communications Department/Media Relations Files, 1973-1997
This series contains the files of Communications Department. The records
include correspondence, material related to publicity efforts, and subject
files on campaigns, countries, events, issues, special projects. The records
group also includes general publicity files of clippings and news-releases
that were issued or maintained by the department.
Subseries IX.1: Larry Cox Files, 1973-1982
Prior to becoming the Executive Director of AIUSA in 2006, Larry Cox also
worked for AIUSA from 1976-1984. During this time, he established the
Program to Abolish the Death Penalty, and then served as AIUSA’s first
Press and Information Officer. His files include correspondence, country
files, press releases, subject files, and material on publicity
efforts.
There are additional files related to Larry Cox’s work in Series II.2:
Gerard Elston Files. Those files include correspondence, press releases,
and a press guide for adoption guides.
Subseries IX.2: Country Files, 1975-1995
This subseries contains extensive files on countries and related issues.
Much of this material consists of circulars, memos, news service items,
press releases, reports, statements, urgent actions, and other material
from Amnesty International. The files also contain clippings,
correspondence, telexes, and other informational material.
Subseries IX.3: Press Files, 1982-1987
These records appear to be the files of Kathleen Smith and Mary Daly, the
Director of Communications. Much of the material deals with promotional
efforts, publicity, and issues related to the media. The records include
background material, clippings, correspondence, letters to editors,
information for press officers, news releases, op-ed pieces, and
statements. The series includes files on countries, campaigns, events,
issues, and the AIUSA Speakers Bureau (which organizes volunteer AIUSA
speakers for events).
Subseries IX.4: Kathleen Smith Files, 1983-1986
These files include subject files on campaigns, events, publicity and
media issues.
Subseries IX.5: Jacqui Hunt Files, 1984-1988
Jacqui Hunt was the National Press Officer for AIUSA during this period.
Most of the material is related to press coverage and coordination for
the Human Rights Now! Campaign and World Tour (1988). Other campaigns
are also documented. Records related to Hunt's tenure as Director of
Special Projects (1988-1991) are filed in Record Group X: Development
Unit/Special Projects Files, 1986-1994.
Subseries IX.6: Charles Fulwood Files, 1987-1989
Charles Fulwood was the Director of Communications during this time
period. Most of the material is related to the planning and coordination
of the Human Rights Now! World Tour, and other special projects and
video projects. Fulwood was also the Death Penalty Program Coordinator
for AIUSA (circa 1979-1988) and subject files related to his work in
that capacity are contained within Series VII: Campaign and Country
Files--Subseries 3: Other Campaigns and Supporting Files, 1979-1995.
Subseries IX.7: Newspaper Clippings, 1981-1997
The files in this series consist of clippings received from clippings
services in the United States. The articles contain direct references to
Amnesty International. There are three sets of clipping files. These are
arranged chronologically (1987-1995, 1997; Bulk is 1994-1995, 1997),
geographically (1992-1997) and topically (1981, 1984, 1992-1997). There
are two sets of topical clippings.
Subseries IX.8: AIUSA News Releases, 1986-1996
The subseries contains news releases issued by Amnesty International USA.
The news releases are arranged chronologically through 1995. Many news
releases are also filed individually after June 1995. Most files consist
only of news releases, but some files also contain related reports,
letters, and policy statements on media issues.
Subseries IX.9: AI News Service, 1992-1997
This series contains cover pages, news items, news releases, and general
communications for press officers received from the Press Office of the
International Secretariat (IS) in London. The files are arranged
chronologically.
Subseries IX.10: Roger Rathman Files, 1988,
1991-1995
Rathman became the National Press Officer of Amnesty International USA in
early 1993. Prior to this, he worked in a similar capacity for the
organization in Los Angeles. The series includes files on campaigns,
countries, issues, publicity efforts, and other subjects.
Subseries IX.11: Biographies and Contact Lists, 1993-1996
This subseries contains biographical files on various activists,
speakers, staff, and members/candidates for the Board of Directors that
appears to have been created by the Communications Department. The
series also contains contact lists.
Series X: Development Unit/Special Projects Files, 1986-1994
This series contains records related to special events and other special
projects. Most of the records relate to special concert events and tours,
but there are some files related to film, television, and video
projects.
Subseries X.1: Concert Tours, 1986-1988
This subseries includes files related to two concert tours - the
Conspiracy of Hope Tour (1986) and the Human Rights Now! World Tour
(1988). The files document the planning, organization, publicity, and
events related to the concert tours. The records include budgets,
clippings, correspondence, financial records, and legal documents such
as contracts, incorporation records, and insurance certificates.
Subseries X.2: Jacqui Hunt Files, 1988-1991
Jacqui Hunt was the Director of Special Projects during this period. The
records in this subseries are related to film, television, and video
projects.
Subseries X.3: Concerts/Projects, 1990-1994
This subseries contains the files of Sarah Nall, Surita Sandosham, and
Jacqui Hunt. Hunt and Nall were involved with special projects, while
Sandosham worked as an In-House Counsel and Legal/Policy Advisor. The
majority of the records are related to concert projects and the
coordination of AIUSA information tables for popular music concert
tours.
There are additional files on concert tabling in Subseries X.6: Concert
Tabling, 1992-1994.
Subseries X.4: Chile Concert--An Embrace of Hope (Santiago),
1990
This subseries contains Sue Kulinyi's files on the "Embrace of Hope"
concert event in Santiago, Chile. The files are related to the planning,
organization, and financing of the concert and related video
productions.
Subseries X.5:
Forgotten Prisoners: The
Amnesty Files
(TNT), 1990
This subseries contains Sue Kulinyi's files on the
Forgotten Prisoners: The Amnesty Files
, a television movie
shown on TNT on November 19, 1990. The film is a fictional account of
human rights violations in Turkey and Amnesty International’s efforts to
stop them. The film was directed and produced by Robert Greenwald, and
Amnesty International consulted on the piece.
The files include correspondence, press releases, memoranda, news
clippings, and a screenplay. The records document AIUSA’s involvement in
the consulting work, and include material on the reaction to the
finished film.
Subseries X.6: Concert Tabling, 1992-1994
This subseries contains Sue Kulinyi's files on the coordination of AIUSA
information tables for popular music concert tours. There are additional
files on this subject in Subseries X.3: Concerts/Projects,
1990-1994.
Series XI: Administration and Operation, 1966-1997
This series contains information on general operations and administrative
issues.
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Using the Collection
Offsite
Access Restrictions
This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least
twenty-four (24) hours in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and
Manuscript Library Reading Room. Please consult the Rare Book and Manuscript Library
for further information.
More information and link to off-site request form
This collection has restrictions. Restrictions for boxes and folders are noted in the
series descriptions and may also be found within the contents list.
Restrictions on Use
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish material
from the collection must be requested from Amnesty International of the USA,
Inc.
Preferred Citation
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Amnesty International of the USA,
Inc.: National Office Records, Box and Folder; Rare Book and Manuscript Library,
Columbia University Library.
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About the Finding Aid / Processing Information
Columbia University Libraries. Rare Book and
Manuscript Library; machine readable finding aid created by Columbia University
Libraries Digital Library Program Division
Processing Information
Papers processed 1998- Harvey N. Gardiner (University of Colorado at Boulder, 1998),
Stéphane Hetherington, and Catherine N. Carson
Machine readable finding aid generated from MARC-AMC source via XSLT
conversion March 5, 2009
Finding aid written in English.
2009-04-16
xml doxument instance created by Patrick Lawlor
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Subject Headings
The subject headings listed below are found in this collection. Links below allow searches at Columbia University through the Archival Collections Portal and through CLIO, the catalog for Columbia University Libraries, as well as ArchiveGRID, a catalog that allows users to search the holdings of multiple research libraries and archives.
All links open new windows.
Genre/Form
Subjects
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History / Biographical Note
Historical Note
Amnesty International (AI), an international human rights
non-governmental organization (NGO), was founded in London by Peter Benenson in
1961. Benenson, a lawyer, had become concerned about the case of two students
imprisoned in Portugal for toasting to freedom in a bar. He published an article in
the London Observer on the case on May 28, 1961, and advocated the writing of
letters to the Portuguese government demanding the release of the students. The
response was extraordinary. The article was translated and reprinted
internationally, and readers began sending letters and support not only to Benenson,
but also to prisons and labor camps worldwide.
In July 1961, an international group of delegates met and
decided to establish "a permanent international movement in defense of freedom of
opinion and religion." Shortly thereafter, an office and library was established in
London, staffed by volunteers. Affiliated letter-writing groups were initially
established in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Holland, France, Italy, and
Switzerland, and expanded the following year to Norway, Sweden, Demark, Belgium,
Greece, Australia, Ireland and the United States. By the end of 1962, 210 prisoners
had been adopted by 70 groups in 7 countries, and Amnesty International had sent
missions to Ghana, Czechoslovakia, Portugal and East Germany. By 1970, the
organization had expanded to 850 groups in 27 countries.
As the organization grew, a Research Bureau and the
International Secretariat -- the central office that serves as the headquarters of
the international organization -- were formally established in London in 1963. That
same year, the International Executive Committee (IEC), which has overall
responsibility for AI's affairs, was established under the aegis of Sean MacBride,
an Irish human rights advocate. National organizational structures, or sections,
were also established to coordinate work within countries under the leadership of
the headquarters in London. The United States section (known as Amnesty
International of the USA, Inc. or AIUSA), the largest in the organization, was
incorporated in 1966.
The National Office was the United States section's main
professional office until approximately the early 1970s. Additional regional and
program offices were established throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Prior to
1981, the board of directors handled much of the daily administration of the
section. After this time, the presence of an established professional structure
allowed the board to focus more exclusively on policy issues. This expansion,
professionalization, and a push for decentralization during the 1980s by allowed for
the management of the section's work to expand beyond the National Office. The work
of the section is carried out through the national office, regional offices,
networks, country specialists (formerly known as country coordination groups or
co-groups), student groups, and local groups. In addition, as the budget of the
International Secretariat is financed by assessments on the national sections,
AIUSA, as the largest section, provides a significant portion of the International
Secretariat's budget.
In its early years, the main focus of Amnesty
International's campaigns was to free prisoners of conscience. Within a short time,
the organization's mandate expanded to include campaigning for prompt and fair
trails for all political prisoners, to end extrajudicial executions and
disappearances, and to abolish the death penalty, torture and other cruel treatment
or punishment. The organization has always worked to bring perpetrators of these
abuses to justice in accordance with international standards. Amnesty International
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its work in 1977.
Amnesty International underwent tremendous growth during
the 1980s. By 1985, there were 3,433 groups in 50 countries, and over 500,000
members. The organization also used music concerts to raise its profile and the
awareness of human rights issues. In 1986, AIUSA organized the Conspiracy of Hope
Tour in the United States, which included U2, Sting, Peter Gabriel, Bryan Adams, Lou
Reed, the Neville Brothers. In 1988, Amnesty International organized Human Rights
Now! This tour, which coincided with the 40th anniversary of the United Nations'
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, went to 19 cities in 15 countries and was
broadcast live on Human Rights Day. By 1990, Amnesty International had 700,000
members and over 6,000 groups in 70 countries.
Today, Amnesty International has over 2 million members,
supports and subscribers in over 150 countries.
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